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Palvelinten hallinta - Harjoitus 3 |
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============== |
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*Disclaimer:* |
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-------------- |
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Tämä harjoitus on tehty osana Haaga-Helian Tietojenkäsittelyn koulutusohjelman kurssia [Palvelinten hallinta (ICT4TN022, kevät 2018)](http://www.haaga-helia.fi/fi/opinto-opas/opintojaksokuvaukset/ICT4TN022). Kurssin pitäjänä toimii [Tero Karvinen](http://terokarvinen.com/), joka on määritellyt tämän harjoituksen tehtävänkuvaukset. Tehtävien vastaukset ovat Pekka Heleniuksen (allekirjoittanut) tuottamia. |
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**b)** Tiedosto muotista: tee yksinkertainen SLS-tilatiedosto, joka laittaa muuttujan tiedostoon. Käytä jinjan kontekstimuuttujaa (template: jinja, context: ...). |
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-------------- |
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**Vastaus:** |
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Luodaan tiedosto _/srv/salt/firstninja.sls_ seuraavalla sisällöllä (sudo nano /srv/salt/firstninja.sls): |
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(Tehtävänannon vaatimus täyttyy state:ssa _put_my_foo_stuff_) |
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``` |
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hostile_secondgroup: |
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group.present: |
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- name: foobar |
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- gid: 666 |
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- system: True |
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hostile_user: |
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user.present: |
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- name: evilninja |
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- fullname: Evil Ninja |
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- uid: 666 |
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- gid: 666 |
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- shell: /bin/bash |
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- home: /home/foo |
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- groups: |
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- foobar |
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- require: |
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- group: hostile_secondgroup |
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put_my_foo_stuff: |
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file.managed: |
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- name: /foo/mysecretfoo |
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- source: salt://foofile |
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- makedirs: True |
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- user: 666 |
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- group: 666 |
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- mode: 0744 |
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- template: jinja |
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- context: |
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supersecretfoo: 'you never know where this came from' |
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notsosecretbar: 'wanna beer?' |
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- require: |
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- user: hostile_user |
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foo_executable: |
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file.symlink: |
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- name: /usr/local/bin/mysecretfoo |
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- target: /foo/mysecretfoo |
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- require: |
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- file: put_my_foo_stuff |
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evil_nullfiles: |
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cmd.run: |
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- name: 'touch ./foo_everywhere' |
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- cwd: /foo |
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- creates: foo_everywhere |
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- creates: foofoo |
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- require: |
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- file: put_my_foo_stuff |
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identity_crisis: |
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cmd.run: |
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- name: /usr/bin/id -a |
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- runas: evilninja |
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- require: |
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- user: hostile_user |
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haha_execute: |
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cmd.run: |
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- shell: /bin/sh |
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- name: mysecretfoo |
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- require: |
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- user: hostile_user |
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- file: foo_executable |
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``` |
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Lisätään masterille tiedosto _/srv/salt/foofile_ seuraavalla sisällöllä (sudo nano /srv/salt/foofile): |
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``` |
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#!/bin/sh |
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echo -e "{{ supersecretfoo }}\n{{ notsosecretbar }}" |
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``` |
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Tämä tiedosto kirjoitetaan minionin/minioneiden kohteeseen _/foo/mysecretfoo_ ja luodaan symbolinen linkki _/usr/local/bin/mysecretfoo_. |
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Testataan toimivuus harjoituksessa 1 ja 2 käytetyllä master-minion -tietokonekokoonpanolla (master: master, minion: orjakone): |
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``` |
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sudo salt 'orjakone' state.apply firstninja |
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``` |
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Masterilla tulostettu output: |
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``` |
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orjakone: |
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---------- |
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ID: hostile_secondgroup |
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Function: group.present |
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Name: foobar |
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Result: True |
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Comment: Group foobar is present and up to date |
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Started: 21:52:22.010941 |
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Duration: 1.317 ms |
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Changes: |
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---------- |
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ID: hostile_user |
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Function: user.present |
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Name: evilninja |
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Result: True |
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Comment: User evilninja is present and up to date |
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Started: 21:52:22.012741 |
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Duration: 13.69 ms |
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Changes: |
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---------- |
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ID: put_my_foo_stuff |
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Function: file.managed |
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Name: /foo/mysecretfoo |
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Result: True |
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Comment: File /foo/mysecretfoo is in the correct state |
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Started: 21:52:22.027375 |
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Duration: 10.438 ms |
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Changes: |
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---------- |
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ID: foo_executable |
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Function: file.symlink |
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Name: /usr/local/bin/mysecretfoo |
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Result: True |
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Comment: Created new symlink /usr/local/bin/mysecretfoo -> /foo/mysecretfoo |
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Started: 21:52:22.038030 |
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Duration: 26.087 ms |
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Changes: |
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---------- |
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new: |
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/usr/local/bin/mysecretfoo |
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---------- |
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ID: evil_nullfiles |
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Function: cmd.run |
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Name: touch ./foo_everywhere |
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Result: True |
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Comment: Command "touch ./foo_everywhere" run |
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Started: 21:52:22.066037 |
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Duration: 8.669 ms |
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Changes: |
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---------- |
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pid: |
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3426 |
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retcode: |
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0 |
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stderr: |
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stdout: |
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---------- |
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ID: identity_crisis |
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Function: cmd.run |
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Name: /usr/bin/id -a |
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Result: True |
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Comment: Command "/usr/bin/id -a" run |
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Started: 21:52:22.074865 |
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Duration: 158.997 ms |
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Changes: |
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---------- |
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pid: |
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3450 |
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retcode: |
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0 |
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stderr: |
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stdout: |
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uid=666(evilninja) gid=666(foobar) groups=666(foobar) |
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---------- |
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ID: haha_execute |
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Function: cmd.run |
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Name: mysecretfoo |
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Result: True |
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Comment: Command "mysecretfoo" run |
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Started: 21:52:22.234242 |
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Duration: 14.473 ms |
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Changes: |
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---------- |
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pid: |
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3455 |
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retcode: |
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0 |
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stderr: |
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stdout: |
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-e you never know where this came from |
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wanna beer? |
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Summary for orjakone |
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------------ |
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Succeeded: 7 (changed=4) |
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Failed: 0 |
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------------ |
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Total states run: 7 |
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Total run time: 233.671 ms |
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``` |
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**c)** SLS tilaa Jinjalla: tee yksinkertainen SLS-tilatiedosto, joka käyttää for-in -silmukaa. Voit esimerkiksi tehdä kolme tiedostoa silmukalla. (Tässä tehtävässä siis käytetään jinjaa vain SLS-tiedoston sisällä, älä sotke samaan esimerkkiin tekstitiedostojen sisällön muuttamista.) |
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-------------- |
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**Vastaus:** |
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Luodaan master:lle tiedosto _/srv/salt/first_jinjaloop.sls_ seuraavalla sisällöllä (sudo nano /srv/salt/first_jinjaloop.sls): |
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``` |
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{% for loplop in ['round_1', 'round_2', 'round_3', 'round_4'] %} |
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loopsloops_noops{{ loop.index }}: |
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file.managed: |
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- name: /tmp/loopnoops/{{ loplop }} |
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- source: salt://loops/jinjaninja_loop |
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- makedirs: True |
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- template: jinja |
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- context: |
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filenumber: {{ loplop }} |
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run_fatboy_run_{{ loop.index }}: |
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cmd.run: |
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- name: cat /tmp/loopnoops/{{ loplop }} |
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- require: |
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- file: loopsloops_noops{{ loop.index }} |
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{% endfor %} |
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``` |
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Luodaan masterilla tiedosto */srv/salt/loops/jinjaninja_loop*: |
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``` |
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sudo mkdir -p /srv/salt/loops |
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echo "Loops loops noops {{ filenumber }}" | sudo tee /srv/salt/loops/jinjaninja_loop |
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``` |
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Ajetaan luotu state-tiedosto masterilta orjakone-minionille: |
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``` |
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sudo salt 'orjakone' state.apply first_jinjaloop |
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``` |
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Masterilta saatu output: |
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``` |
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orjakone: |
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---------- |
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ID: loopsloops_noops1 |
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Function: file.managed |
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Name: /tmp/loopnoops/round_1 |
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Result: True |
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Comment: File /tmp/loopnoops/round_1 updated |
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Started: 22:15:48.402678 |
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Duration: 22.99 ms |
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Changes: |
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---------- |
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diff: |
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New file |
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mode: |
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0644 |
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---------- |
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ID: run_fatboy_run_1 |
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Function: cmd.run |
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Name: cat /tmp/loopnoops/round_1 |
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Result: True |
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Comment: Command "cat /tmp/loopnoops/round_1" run |
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Started: 22:15:48.426279 |
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Duration: 9.155 ms |
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Changes: |
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---------- |
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pid: |
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3654 |
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retcode: |
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0 |
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stderr: |
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stdout: |
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Loops loops noops round_1 |
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---------- |
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ID: loopsloops_noops2 |
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Function: file.managed |
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Name: /tmp/loopnoops/round_2 |
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Result: True |
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Comment: File /tmp/loopnoops/round_2 updated |
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Started: 22:15:48.435550 |
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Duration: 18.288 ms |
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Changes: |
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---------- |
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diff: |
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New file |
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mode: |
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0644 |
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---------- |
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ID: run_fatboy_run_2 |
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Function: cmd.run |
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Name: cat /tmp/loopnoops/round_2 |
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Result: True |
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Comment: Command "cat /tmp/loopnoops/round_2" run |
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Started: 22:15:48.454122 |
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Duration: 5.179 ms |
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Changes: |
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---------- |
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pid: |
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3656 |
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retcode: |
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0 |
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stderr: |
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stdout: |
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Loops loops noops round_2 |
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---------- |
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ID: loopsloops_noops3 |
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Function: file.managed |
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Name: /tmp/loopnoops/round_3 |
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Result: True |
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Comment: File /tmp/loopnoops/round_3 updated |
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Started: 22:15:48.459403 |
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Duration: 19.723 ms |
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Changes: |
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---------- |
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diff: |
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New file |
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mode: |
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0644 |
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---------- |
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ID: run_fatboy_run_3 |
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|
Function: cmd.run |
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|
|
Name: cat /tmp/loopnoops/round_3 |
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|
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|
|
Result: True |
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|
|
|
|
Comment: Command "cat /tmp/loopnoops/round_3" run |
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|
|
|
|
Started: 22:15:48.479414 |
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|
Duration: 6.602 ms |
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Changes: |
|
|
|
|
|
---------- |
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|
pid: |
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|
3658 |
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retcode: |
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|
0 |
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|
stderr: |
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stdout: |
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|
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|
Loops loops noops round_3 |
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|
---------- |
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|
ID: loopsloops_noops4 |
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Function: file.managed |
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|
Name: /tmp/loopnoops/round_4 |
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|
|
Result: True |
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|
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|
|
Comment: File /tmp/loopnoops/round_4 updated |
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|
|
|
|
Started: 22:15:48.486128 |
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|
|
|
|
Duration: 18.883 ms |
|
|
|
|
|
Changes: |
|
|
|
|
|
---------- |
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|
|
|
|
diff: |
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|
New file |
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|
mode: |
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|
0644 |
|
|
|
|
|
---------- |
|
|
|
|
|
ID: run_fatboy_run_4 |
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|
|
|
|
Function: cmd.run |
|
|
|
|
|
Name: cat /tmp/loopnoops/round_4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Result: True |
|
|
|
|
|
Comment: Command "cat /tmp/loopnoops/round_4" run |
|
|
|
|
|
Started: 22:15:48.505300 |
|
|
|
|
|
Duration: 9.609 ms |
|
|
|
|
|
Changes: |
|
|
|
|
|
---------- |
|
|
|
|
|
pid: |
|
|
|
|
|
3660 |
|
|
|
|
|
retcode: |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
stderr: |
|
|
|
|
|
stdout: |
|
|
|
|
|
Loops loops noops round_4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Summary for orjakone |
|
|
|
|
|
------------ |
|
|
|
|
|
Succeeded: 8 (changed=8) |
|
|
|
|
|
Failed: 0 |
|
|
|
|
|
------------ |
|
|
|
|
|
Total states run: 8 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total run time: 110.429 ms |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
|
**d)** SSH-demonin portti: tee tila, joka asentaa SSH-demonin valittuun porttiin. Käytä portin valintaan Jinjaa, siten että sshd_config:issa “Port:”-kohdan arvo tulee Jinjan muuttujasta. |
|
|
|
|
|
-------------- |
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|
|
**Vastaus:** |
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|
Halusin kokeilla jinja:lla lukujen generointia tässä tehtävässä. Olisi voitu toki käyttää ennalta määriteltyä porttia, mutta hauskempaa generoida jotain satunnaista. Soveltuuko tämä käyttökohteeseen, it's up to you. |
|
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|
|
SSH-portti generoidaan väliltä 23-600. Käytetään seuraavaa sisältöä uuteen state-tiedostoon. |
|
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|
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|
|
|
Luodaan masterille tiedosto _srv/salt/ssh_random/init.sls_ (sudo mkdir -p /srv/salt/ssh_random && sudo nano /srv/salt/ssh_random/init.sls): |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
{% set supersecret_ssh_port = range(23, 600) | random %} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
check_sshd_config: |
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|
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|
|
file.managed: |
|
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|
|
- name: /etc/ssh/sshd_config |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
ssh_port: |
|
|
|
|
|
cmd.run: |
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|
|
- name: 'sed -i -r "s/^[#P]+ort [0-9][0-9]*/Port {{ supersecret_ssh_port }}/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config' |
|
|
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|
|
- require: |
|
|
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|
|
- file: check_sshd_config |
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
sshd_restart: |
|
|
|
|
|
service.running: |
|
|
|
|
|
- name: ssh.service # Yes, this is the daemon process |
|
|
|
|
|
- watch: |
|
|
|
|
|
- cmd: ssh_port |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ssh_new_port_inform: |
|
|
|
|
|
cmd.run: |
|
|
|
|
|
- name: 'echo "new SSH daemon port for $(hostname) is {{ supersecret_ssh_port }}"' |
|
|
|
|
|
- require: |
|
|
|
|
|
- service: sshd_restart |
|
|
|
|
|
- cmd: ssh_port |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ajetaan ssh_random -state masterilta kaikille yhteydessä oleville minioneille: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
sudo salt '*' state.apply ssh_random |
|
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Masterilla saatu output minionille "orjakone": |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
orjakone: |
|
|
|
|
|
---------- |
|
|
|
|
|
ID: check_sshd_config |
|
|
|
|
|
Function: file.managed |
|
|
|
|
|
Name: /etc/ssh/sshd_config |
|
|
|
|
|
Result: True |
|
|
|
|
|
Comment: File /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists with proper permissions. No changes made. |
|
|
|
|
|
Started: 23:11:06.410285 |
|
|
|
|
|
Duration: 4.806 ms |
|
|
|
|
|
Changes: |
|
|
|
|
|
---------- |
|
|
|
|
|
ID: ssh_port |
|
|
|
|
|
Function: cmd.run |
|
|
|
|
|
Name: sed -i -r "s/^[#P]+ort [0-9][0-9]*/Port 240/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config |
|
|
|
|
|
Result: True |
|
|
|
|
|
Comment: Command "sed -i -r "s/^[#P]+ort [0-9][0-9]*/Port 240/" /etc/ssh/sshd_config" run |
|
|
|
|
|
Started: 23:11:06.415594 |
|
|
|
|
|
Duration: 4.329 ms |
|
|
|
|
|
Changes: |
|
|
|
|
|
---------- |
|
|
|
|
|
pid: |
|
|
|
|
|
3939 |
|
|
|
|
|
retcode: |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
stderr: |
|
|
|
|
|
stdout: |
|
|
|
|
|
---------- |
|
|
|
|
|
ID: sshd_restart |
|
|
|
|
|
Function: service.running |
|
|
|
|
|
Name: ssh.service |
|
|
|
|
|
Result: True |
|
|
|
|
|
Comment: Started Service ssh.service |
|
|
|
|
|
Started: 23:11:06.861530 |
|
|
|
|
|
Duration: 58.559 ms |
|
|
|
|
|
Changes: |
|
|
|
|
|
---------- |
|
|
|
|
|
ssh.service: |
|
|
|
|
|
True |
|
|
|
|
|
---------- |
|
|
|
|
|
ID: ssh_new_port_inform |
|
|
|
|
|
Function: cmd.run |
|
|
|
|
|
Name: echo "new SSH daemon port for $(hostname) is 240" |
|
|
|
|
|
Result: True |
|
|
|
|
|
Comment: Command "echo "new SSH daemon port for $(hostname) is 240"" run |
|
|
|
|
|
Started: 23:11:06.920584 |
|
|
|
|
|
Duration: 62.236 ms |
|
|
|
|
|
Changes: |
|
|
|
|
|
---------- |
|
|
|
|
|
pid: |
|
|
|
|
|
3954 |
|
|
|
|
|
retcode: |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
stderr: |
|
|
|
|
|
stdout: |
|
|
|
|
|
new SSH daemon port for minion is 240 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Summary for orjakone |
|
|
|
|
|
------------ |
|
|
|
|
|
Succeeded: 4 (changed=3) |
|
|
|
|
|
Failed: 0 |
|
|
|
|
|
------------ |
|
|
|
|
|
Total states run: 4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total run time: 129.930 ms |
|
|
|
|
|
``` |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Näyttäisi siltä, että portti 240 on generoitu uudeksi SSH daemonin yhteysportiksi koneelle 'orjakone'. Varmistetaan tietojen oikeellisuus. Tämän voi tehdä etänä SSH-yhteyden avulla muultakin koneelta (testataan yhteyden toimivuus orjakoneen IP:een SSH clientilla porttia 240 käyttäen), |
|
|
|
|
|
mutta tässä varmistamme SSH-yhteyden toimivuuden portissa 240 suoraan minionin näkymästä: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/etc/ssh/sshd_config -tiedoston sisältöä SSH-client testauksineen orjakoneen näkymästä ylläolevan ajon jälkeen: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
![randomport-from-master](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Fincer-altego/central-management-of-multiple-servers/master/images/ssh_randomport_for_minion.png) |