@ -9,17 +9,39 @@ This exercise is a part of [Linux servers (ICT4TN021, spring 2018) // Linux-palv
*Table of contents:*
--------------
- [a) Create your own Linux USB live stick. Try it out on a non-school computer. This section does not require installation of Linux. However, if you decided to install Linux, you should take proper backups first.](https://github.com/Fincer/linux_server_setup/blob/master/exercises/h1.md#a-create-your-own-linux-usb-live-stick-try-it-out-on-a-non-school-computer-this-section-does-not-require-installation-of-linux-however-if-you-decided-to-install-linux-you-should-take-proper-backups-first)
- [a) **Linux LiveUSB** Create your own Linux USB live stick. Try it out on a non-school computer. This section does not require installation of Linux. However, if you decided to install Linux, you should take proper backups first.](https://github.com/Fincer/linux_server_setup/blob/master/exercises/h1.md#a-create-your-own-linux-usb-live-stick-try-it-out-on-a-non-school-computer-this-section-does-not-require-installation-of-linux-however-if-you-decided-to-install-linux-you-should-take-proper-backups-first)
- [b) List hardware components of your new Linux computer (sudo lshw -short -sanitize).](https://github.com/Fincer/linux_server_setup/blob/master/exercises/h1.md#b-list-hardware-components-of-your-new-linux-computer-sudo-lshw--short--sanitize)
- [c) Install three new programs which are new to you. Try them out in their main target environment and primary use.](https://github.com/Fincer/linux_server_setup/blob/master/exercises/h1.md#c-install-three-new-programs-which-are-new-to-you-try-them-out-in-their-main-target-environment-and-primary-use)
- [d) Which licenses have been used in the programs of your choice? Explain briefly which kind of rights and duties these licenses have.](https://github.com/Fincer/linux_server_setup/blob/master/exercises/h1.md#d-which-licenses-have-been-used-in-the-programs-of-your-choice-explain-briefly-which-kind-of-rights-and-duties-these-licenses-have)
- [e) List programs you use (MS Word, for example), purpose of these programs (for example, text editing) and introduce equivalent open source Linux program (for example, LibreOffice Writer). List closed source programs even if they do not have open source equivalent for Linux.](https://github.com/Fincer/linux_server_setup/blob/master/exercises/h1.md#e-list-programs-you-use-ms-word-for-example-purpose-of-these-programs-for-example-text-editing-and-introduce-equivalent-open-source-linux-program-for-example-libreoffice-writer-list-closed-source-programs-even-if-they-do-not-have-open-source-equivalent-for-linux)
- [b) **Hardware components** List hardware components of your new Linux computer (sudo lshw -short -sanitize).](https://github.com/Fincer/linux_server_setup/blob/master/exercises/h1.md#b-list-hardware-components-of-your-new-linux-computer-sudo-lshw--short--sanitize)
- [f) Optional extra task: backup your files (you can use an external USB storage, for example)](https://github.com/Fincer/linux_server_setup/blob/master/exercises/h1.md#f-optional-extra-task-backup-your-files-you-can-use-an-external-usb-storage-for-example)
- [c) **Program installation** Install three new programs which are new to you. Try them out in their main target environment and primary use.](https://github.com/Fincer/linux_server_setup/blob/master/exercises/h1.md#c-install-three-new-programs-which-are-new-to-you-try-them-out-in-their-main-target-environment-and-primary-use)
- [Installation via official package repositories](https://github.com/Fincer/linux_server_setup/blob/master/exercises/h1.md#installation-via-official-package-repositories)
- [Installation via local packages or from source code](https://github.com/Fincer/linux_server_setup/blob/master/exercises/h1.md#installation-via-local-packages-or-from-source-code)
- [Uninstallation of packages](https://github.com/Fincer/linux_server_setup/blob/master/exercises/h1.md#uninstallation-of-packages)
- [Differences between Linux distributions](https://github.com/Fincer/linux_server_setup/blob/master/exercises/h1.md#differences-between-linux-distributions)
- [d) **Licenses** Which licenses have been used in the programs of your choice? Explain briefly which kind of rights and duties these licenses have.](https://github.com/Fincer/linux_server_setup/blob/master/exercises/h1.md#d-which-licenses-have-been-used-in-the-programs-of-your-choice-explain-briefly-which-kind-of-rights-and-duties-these-licenses-have)
- [e) **Alternative open source programs** List programs you use (MS Word, for example), purpose of these programs (for example, text editing) and introduce equivalent open source Linux program (for example, LibreOffice Writer). List closed source programs even if they do not have open source equivalent for Linux.](https://github.com/Fincer/linux_server_setup/blob/master/exercises/h1.md#e-list-programs-you-use-ms-word-for-example-purpose-of-these-programs-for-example-text-editing-and-introduce-equivalent-open-source-linux-program-for-example-libreoffice-writer-list-closed-source-programs-even-if-they-do-not-have-open-source-equivalent-for-linux)
- [f) **File backups** Optional extra task: backup your files (you can use an external USB storage, for example)](https://github.com/Fincer/linux_server_setup/blob/master/exercises/h1.md#f-optional-extra-task-backup-your-files-you-can-use-an-external-usb-storage-for-example)
- [fstransform - convert existing file system to another format](https://github.com/Fincer/linux_server_setup/blob/master/exercises/h1.md#fstransform---convert-existing-file-system-to-another-format)
--------------
@ -226,7 +248,7 @@ GParted is a popular GTK+-based graphical front-end for CLI-based, GPL3-licensed
### Installation of Thunar, Gedit and GParted on Debian-based distributions
#### Via official package repositories
#### Installation via official package repositories
On Debian-based distributions (like Xubuntu), you can install the selected three programs with a single command, like:
@ -252,7 +274,7 @@ You can search for any packages with `apt-cache search package-name` command. It
sudo aptitude install package-name
```
#### Via local packages or from source code
#### Installation via local packages or from source code
If you consider installing local packages, keep in mind that you need to track all required package dependencies. This can easily lead to [Dependency hell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_hell) situation. Therefore, installing local packages suits best for commercial, separately distributed software which are bundled with their dependencies and can be installed out-of-the-box without worrying about dependencies.
@ -326,7 +348,7 @@ Manual pages in any commands are highly supported in multiple Linux distribution
**NOTE:** Although Linux distributions don't have any similar to Windows registry hell (unclean registry after software removal), keep in mind that any configuration files created **afterwards** by a Linux program are not handled by Linux package managers. In other words: package managers can't track files created afterwards by your program in your `$HOME` folder. This is mostly a case with personal configuration files in user's home directory on Linux. In addition, any backup files (file suffixes: `.old`, `~`, `.bak`, `.pacnew`...) are not included in the package according to your package manager and, therefore, they may not be uninstalled by simply removing a program. [Please see my script for tracking down those files](https://github.com/Fincer/linux_server_setup/blob/master/scripts/file-and-dirs-owner.sh)
#### Other Linux distributions
#### Differences between Linux distributions
**Main differences between various Linux distributions are:**
Pekka Helenius
5 years ago
GitHub