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Create notes/info file for SSD+HDD UEFI configuration

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Pekka Helenius 6 years ago
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### Partition scheme // UEFI settings for NVMe SSD + HDD
#### Features
- Boot partition is located at NVMe SSD (1st partition, EFI, FAT32)
- OS is located at SSD (2nd partition, Linux, ext4)
- Home folders on HDD (including `root`, ext4)
--------------------------
- Uses Syslinux (GRUB2 instruction have not been covered here)
- Only Arch Linux installed
- No Windows or any other OSes installed
--------------------------
- Various parts of the file system mounted in HDD (/var folder) in order to reduce redundant write operations
- `/tmp` using RAM as a mounting point (total RAM: 16GB)
- Swap is a file and is located at `/swap/swapfile` (Yes, this is against FHS)
- For creating a swapfile, consult [Arch Linux wiki page](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Swap#Swap_file)
- You can create your swapfile on old BIOS/HDD partition, if you find it more comfortable.
--------------------------
- **NOTE:** When you create UEFI-based boot partition, you don't need to run `extlinux --install` command (unlike on BIOS-based boot partition)
- **NOTE:** You can't run `efibootmgr` command when you use a non-EFI file system (such as BIOS / HDD), as referred on some websites. You can only do this on EFI file system.
- UEFI partition size is 256 MiB in my installation, rest of the SSD (~250 GiB) is for the Arch Linux OS
- My method takes advantage of [bind mounting feature](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/EFI_system_partition#Using_bind_mount)
-------------------------------
#### Partition scheme
- Samsung EVO 960 250GB is referred as `/dev/nvme0n1`
- Additional 1TiB HDD is referred as `/dev/sda`
```
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: B4ED4BFE-7300-4B6E-8DE4-74D91681A89C
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1 2048 526335 524288 256M EFI System
/dev/nvme0n1p2 526336 488396799 487870464 232.7G Linux filesystem
Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x70fa94f7
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1953525167 1953523120 931.5G 83 Linux
```
-------------------------------
#### Samsung EVO 960 /dev/nvme0n1p1 file system contents (EFI partition)
```
. - EFI partition mount point
└── EFI - subfolder
├── BOOT -subfolder with cloned contents from ../syslinux folder (temporarily needed for the first UEFI boot if you initially create EFI partition on BIOS/DOS based Linux OS)
│   ├── bootx64.efi - same than ../syslinux/syslinux.efi
│   ├── cat.c32
│   ├── chain.c32
│   ├── cmd.c32
│   ├── cmenu.c32
│   ├── config.c32
│   ├── cptime.c32
│   ├── cpu.c32
│   ├── cpuid.c32
│   ├── cpuidtest.c32
│   ├── debug.c32
│   ├── dhcp.c32
│   ├── disk.c32
│   ├── dmi.c32
│   ├── dmitest.c32
│   ├── elf.c32
│   ├── ethersel.c32
│   ├── gfxboot.c32
│   ├── gpxecmd.c32
│   ├── hdt.c32
│   ├── hexdump.c32
│   ├── host.c32
│   ├── ifcpu64.c32
│   ├── ifcpu.c32
│   ├── ifmemdsk.c32
│   ├── ifplop.c32
│   ├── kbdmap.c32
│   ├── kontron_wdt.c32
│   ├── ldlinux.e64
│   ├── lfs.c32
│   ├── libcom32.c32
│   ├── libgpl.c32
│   ├── liblua.c32
│   ├── libmenu.c32
│   ├── libutil.c32
│   ├── linux.c32
│   ├── ls.c32
│   ├── lua.c32
│   ├── mboot.c32
│   ├── meminfo.c32
│   ├── menu.c32
│   ├── pci.c32
│   ├── pcitest.c32
│   ├── pmload.c32
│   ├── poweroff.c32
│   ├── prdhcp.c32
│   ├── pwd.c32
│   ├── pxechn.c32
│   ├── reboot.c32
│   ├── rosh.c32
│   ├── sanboot.c32
│   ├── sdi.c32
│   ├── sysdump.c32
│   ├── syslinux.c32
│   ├── syslinux.cfg
│   ├── vesa.c32
│   ├── vesainfo.c32
│   ├── vesamenu.c32
│   ├── vpdtest.c32
│   ├── whichsys.c32
│   └── zzjson.c32
├── initramfs-linux-fallback.img - fallback initramfs image
├── initramfs-linux.img - initramfs image
├── syslinux - subfolder with cloned contents from /usr/lib/syslinux/efi64 folder (you have an existing syslinux installation?)
│   ├── cat.c32
│   ├── chain.c32
│   ├── cmd.c32
│   ├── cmenu.c32
│   ├── config.c32
│   ├── cptime.c32
│   ├── cpu.c32
│   ├── cpuid.c32
│   ├── cpuidtest.c32
│   ├── debug.c32
│   ├── dhcp.c32
│   ├── disk.c32
│   ├── dmi.c32
│   ├── dmitest.c32
│   ├── elf.c32
│   ├── ethersel.c32
│   ├── gfxboot.c32
│   ├── gpxecmd.c32
│   ├── hdt.c32
│   ├── hexdump.c32
│   ├── host.c32
│   ├── ifcpu64.c32
│   ├── ifcpu.c32
│   ├── ifmemdsk.c32
│   ├── ifplop.c32
│   ├── kbdmap.c32
│   ├── kontron_wdt.c32
│   ├── ldlinux.e64
│   ├── lfs.c32
│   ├── libcom32.c32
│   ├── libgpl.c32
│   ├── liblua.c32
│   ├── libmenu.c32
│   ├── libutil.c32
│   ├── linux.c32
│   ├── ls.c32
│   ├── lua.c32
│   ├── mboot.c32
│   ├── meminfo.c32
│   ├── menu.c32
│   ├── pci.c32
│   ├── pcitest.c32
│   ├── pmload.c32
│   ├── poweroff.c32
│   ├── prdhcp.c32
│   ├── pwd.c32
│   ├── pxechn.c32
│   ├── reboot.c32
│   ├── rosh.c32
│   ├── sanboot.c32
│   ├── sdi.c32
│   ├── sysdump.c32
│   ├── syslinux.c32
│   ├── syslinux.cfg
│   ├── syslinux.efi
│   ├── vesa.c32
│   ├── vesainfo.c32
│   ├── vesamenu.c32
│   ├── vpdtest.c32
│   ├── whichsys.c32
│   └── zzjson.c32
└── vmlinuz-linux - kernel image
3 directories, 125 files
```
- Above files have manually been copied from an existing Arch Linux installation (HDD) to newly formatted (FAT32) UEFI partition on SSD
- mounted to `/mnt/boot_efi` in my system (for file accessibility reasons)
- mounting point doesn't really matter when you create FAT32 EFI file system. The only thing you need to pay attention to is to keep all necessary boot files/folders as they are presented above
- **NOTE:** EFI partition doesn't need to be mounted unless you want to access EFI partion files once the system has booted up
- **NOTE:** EFI partition must be mounted only when you do file transfer operations or boot configurations (obviously you need to get access to `/boot`...)
-------------------------------
#### Samsung EVO 960 /dev/nvme0n1p2 & /dev/sda1 contents (OS + HDD partition)
```
bin
boot - in reality, this is located at /mnt/boot_efi. See below for more. I use bind mounting, see /etc/fstab contents below
dev
etc
home - in reality, this is located at /dev/sda1. See below for more. I use bind mounting, see /etc/fstab contents below
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
│   ├── boot_efi - mounted /dev/nvme0n1p1 EFI partition, binded to /boot path. Files of this folder have been defined above
│   └── hdd - HDD - mounted /dev/sda1 HDD partition
└── home - user files are located here in reality
└── root - root home folder is located here in reality
└── var - all files written to /var are actually located here, and binded to /var path
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
swap
sys
tmp
usr
var - in reality, this is located at /dev/sda1. See above for more. I use bind mounting, see /etc/fstab contents below
```
-------------------------------
#### File contents
/etc/fstab:
```
#
# /etc/fstab: static file system information
#
# <file system> <dir> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
#
#########################################
# M.2 - SAMSUNG 960 250GB
# Root system
UUID=2d865053-2f72-44b2-926f-114221785595 / ext4 defaults,noatime,discard 0 1
#########################################
# SATA2 - WESTERN DIGITAL 1TB
UUID=058bf9ee-eb9d-47d0-80c9-57ca83b31449 /mnt/hdd ext4 defaults,discard 0 2
# Home folders
/mnt/hdd/home /home none bind 0 0
/mnt/hdd/root /root none bind 0 0
# Swap memory file
/mnt/hdd/swap /swap none bind 0 0
/swap/swapfile none swap defaults 0 0
# var folder
/mnt/hdd/var /var none bind 0 0
#########################################
# Boot files
UUID=C23A-2C5F /mnt/boot_efi vfat defaults,dmask=0022,fmask=0133 0 0
/mnt/boot_efi/EFI /boot none bind 0 0
#########################################
# temporary folders
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs size=10240M,nr_inodes=500k 0 0
```
/mnt/boot_efi/EFI/syslinux/syslinux.cfg:
```
# Config file for Syslinux -
# /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg
#
# Comboot modules:
# * menu.c32 - provides a text menu
# * vesamenu.c32 - provides a graphical menu
# * chain.c32 - chainload MBRs, partition boot sectors, Windows bootloaders
# * hdt.c32 - hardware detection tool
# * reboot.c32 - reboots the system
#
# To Use: Copy the respective files from /usr/lib/syslinux to /boot/syslinux.
# If /usr and /boot are on the same file system, symlink the files instead
# of copying them.
#
# If you do not use a menu, a 'boot:' prompt will be shown and the system
# will boot automatically after 5 seconds.
#
# Please review the wiki: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Syslinux
# The wiki provides further configuration examples
DEFAULT arch
PROMPT 0 # Set to 1 if you always want to display the boot: prompt
TIMEOUT 50
# You can create syslinux keymaps with the keytab-lilo tool
#KBDMAP de.ktl
# Menu Configuration
# Either menu.c32 or vesamenu32.c32 must be copied to /boot/syslinux
UI menu.c32
#UI vesamenu.c32
# Refer to http://syslinux.zytor.com/wiki/index.php/Doc/menu
MENU TITLE Boot Menu
#MENU BACKGROUND splash.jpg
MENU COLOR border 30;44 #40ffffff #a0000000 std
MENU COLOR title 1;36;44 #9033ccff #a0000000 std
MENU COLOR sel 7;37;40 #e0ffffff #20ffffff all
MENU COLOR unsel 37;44 #50ffffff #a0000000 std
MENU COLOR help 37;40 #c0ffffff #a0000000 std
MENU COLOR timeout_msg 37;40 #80ffffff #00000000 std
MENU COLOR timeout 1;37;40 #c0ffffff #00000000 std
MENU COLOR msg07 37;40 #90ffffff #a0000000 std
MENU COLOR tabmsg 31;40 #30ffffff #00000000 std
#MENU RESOLUTION 1920 1080
#Clear the screen when exiting the menu
MENU CLEAR
# boot sections follow
#
# TIP: If you want a 1024x768 framebuffer, add "vga=773" to your kernel line.
# 895 = 1920x1080x32 framebuffer
#-*
LABEL arch
MENU LABEL Arch Linux
LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux
APPEND init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd root=UUID=2d865053-2f72-44b2-926f-114221785595 rw vga=895 acpi_osi="!Windows 2015" acpi_osi=Linux vm.swappiness=10 net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0
INITRD ../initramfs-linux.img
LABEL archshell
MENU LABEL Arch Linux (shell)
LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux
APPEND init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd root=UUID=2d865053-2f72-44b2-926f-114221785595 rw vga=895 systemd.unit=multi-user.target vm.swappiness=10 net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0
INITRD ../initramfs-linux.img
LABEL archfallback
MENU LABEL Arch Linux Fallback
LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux
APPEND init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd root=UUID=2d865053-2f72-44b2-926f-114221785595 rw vga=895 acpi_osi="!Windows 2015" acpi_osi=Linux vm.swappiness=10 net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0
INITRD ../initramfs-linux-fallback.img
LABEL archfallback-rescue
MENU LABEL Arch Linux Fallback (rescue mode)
LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux
APPEND init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd root=UUID=2d865053-2f72-44b2-926f-114221785595 vga=895 systemd.unit=multi-user.target vm.swappiness=10 net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0
INITRD ../initramfs-linux-fallback.img
#LABEL windows
# MENU LABEL Windows
# COM32 chain.c32
# APPEND hd0 1
LABEL hdt
MENU LABEL HDT (Hardware Detection Tool)
COM32 hdt.c32
LABEL reboot
MENU LABEL Reboot
COM32 reboot.c32
LABEL poweroff
MENU LABEL Poweroff
COM32 poweroff.c32
```
-------------------------------

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