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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ |
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$OpenBSD: INSTALL.linux,v 1.10 2001/04/18 14:22:20 aaron Exp $ |
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$OpenBSD: INSTALL.linux,v 1.11 2002/06/09 06:15:14 todd Exp $ |
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Linux + OpenBSD: it's possible |
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Linux + OpenBSD: it's possible |
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@ -40,14 +40,14 @@ installation away. It is generally the case that you will install the |
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machine, play with it for a week/a month, and find out that you don't like |
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machine, play with it for a week/a month, and find out that you don't like |
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the setup, and then start over. |
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the setup, and then start over. |
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Write down any interesting information you find out during your first |
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Write down any interesting information you find out during your first |
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installation. Don't do too many things to your box during the first month, |
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installation. Don't do too many things to your box during the first month, |
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as you will lose these while reinstalling, unless you can do backups |
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as you will lose these while reinstalling, unless you can do backups |
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conveniently. |
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conveniently. |
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Do you really need to have a dual-boot machines ? Most people don't need |
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Do you really need to have a dual-boot machines ? Most people don't need |
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both Linux and OpenBSD. Once you're satisfied with OpenBSD, you may find |
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both Linux and OpenBSD. Once you're satisfied with OpenBSD, you may find |
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out you just want to erase Linux... |
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out you just want to erase Linux... |
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Try to find out what your precise needs are, locate partitions whose size |
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Try to find out what your precise needs are, locate partitions whose size |
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may change next to each other, as far as possible... Put partitions whose |
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may change next to each other, as far as possible... Put partitions whose |
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@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ temporary file instead of a partition, under both OpenBSD (svnd) and Linux. |
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First principles |
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First principles |
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---------------- |
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---------------- |
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OpenBSD doesn't only use the MBR partitions (the ones mapped in the Master |
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OpenBSD doesn't only use the MBR partitions (the ones mapped in the Master |
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Boot Record) for booting. Afterwards, it trusts some bsd specific |
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Boot Record) for booting. Afterwards, it trusts some bsd specific |
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information called the disklabel, which is another completely distinct |
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information called the disklabel, which is another completely distinct |
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description of your hard disk. It does not even have to be consistent with |
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description of your hard disk. It does not even have to be consistent with |
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the usual DOS partitions information. |
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the usual DOS partitions information. |
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[OpenBSD requires a primary MBR partition for booting, anything else is |
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[OpenBSD requires a primary MBR partition for booting, anything else is |
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officially unsupported.] |
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officially unsupported.] |
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@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ BTW, just enough for /bin /sbin, a kernel and /etc). |
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Mapping your disk |
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Mapping your disk |
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----------------- |
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----------------- |
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Starting from Linux, get a grasp of your partitions. Use df to check which |
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Starting from Linux, get a grasp of your partitions. Use df to check which |
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is what, then fdisk to get the actual setup of the disk. |
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is what, then fdisk to get the actual setup of the disk. |
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Write down the setup onto a bit of paper, in case you make a mistake further |
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Write down the setup onto a bit of paper, in case you make a mistake further |
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down. It can come in very handy. |
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down. It can come in very handy. |
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@ -163,12 +163,12 @@ match) |
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There are some differences though, mostly because Linux fdisk has made |
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There are some differences though, mostly because Linux fdisk has made |
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some rather confusing choices: |
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some rather confusing choices: |
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- in simple mode it starts numbering cylinders at 1... whereas |
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- in simple mode it starts numbering cylinders at 1... whereas |
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everything else starts from 0. |
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everything else starts from 0. |
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- in simple mode it shows blocks of 1024 bytes, which makes for half-blocks |
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- in simple mode it shows blocks of 1024 bytes, which makes for half-blocks |
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(marked with a +) and sizes halved from the real block size. |
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(marked with a +) and sizes halved from the real block size. |
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- in expert mode it shows extended partitions offset from the start |
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- in expert mode it shows extended partitions offset from the start |
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of the extended partition. |
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of the extended partition. |
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- the hd/sec/cyl is a confusing order, as the sector number is computed |
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- the hd/sec/cyl is a confusing order, as the sector number is computed |
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from cyl/hd/sec, in that order. |
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from cyl/hd/sec, in that order. |
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- it never shows and doesn't care about the real disk geometry. |
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- it never shows and doesn't care about the real disk geometry. |
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@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ You will notice that I don't have a linux swap partition visible. My |
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linux setup currently uses the OpenBSD swap area. |
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linux setup currently uses the OpenBSD swap area. |
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Before starting to install OpenBSD, now would be a good time to check the |
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Before starting to install OpenBSD, now would be a good time to check the |
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INSTALL.pt document... Especially note the alignment restriction of |
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INSTALL.pt document... Especially note the alignment restriction of |
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partitions (first sector of a partition must be at head 0, sector 1 of a |
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partitions (first sector of a partition must be at head 0, sector 1 of a |
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cylinder). This is enforced by Linux' fdisk. |
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cylinder). This is enforced by Linux' fdisk. |
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@ -186,15 +186,15 @@ lists. This will show up in OpenBSD's fdisk. |
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Your clock and OpenBSD |
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Your clock and OpenBSD |
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---------------------- |
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---------------------- |
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OpenBSD expects your hardware clock to be in universal time, and uses |
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OpenBSD expects your hardware clock to be in universal time, and uses |
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time zones to give you local time. With Linux, this depends... |
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time zones to give you local time. With Linux, this depends... |
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most distributions use a small program called hwclock to set up the |
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most distributions use a small program called hwclock to set up the |
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system time from the hardware clock when booting... there is a --utc |
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system time from the hardware clock when booting... there is a --utc |
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option if your hardware clock is in universal time, but this is not |
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option if your hardware clock is in universal time, but this is not |
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always what happens by default. |
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always what happens by default. |
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For instance, on a redhat system, up to 5.2, this happens in |
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For instance, on a redhat system, up to 5.2, this happens in |
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/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit which loads an /etc/sysconfig/clock that defines a |
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/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit which loads an /etc/sysconfig/clock that defines a |
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variable called UTC, and then proceeds calling hwclock. |
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variable called UTC, and then proceeds calling hwclock. |
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- ensure UTC is set to true, |
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- ensure UTC is set to true, |
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- adjust your hardware clock from the system time if necessary, e.g., |
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- adjust your hardware clock from the system time if necessary, e.g., |
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@ -205,11 +205,11 @@ lets you do: set your hardware clock to GMT. |
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The Linux partition table and OpenBSD |
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The Linux partition table and OpenBSD |
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------------------------------------- |
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------------------------------------- |
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There used to be a problem with Linux's rc: it always mounts all file systems |
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There used to be a problem with Linux's rc: it always mounts all file systems |
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even in single-user mode. The 2.2 kernels fix that in a handy way: the |
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even in single-user mode. The 2.2 kernels fix that in a handy way: the |
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partition recorded in the MBR is scanned for a disklabel, and marked with |
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partition recorded in the MBR is scanned for a disklabel, and marked with |
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a ! if one is found. Then, the rest of the disk is scanned, before |
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a ! if one is found. Then, the rest of the disk is scanned, before |
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coming back to the disklabel itself. That way, changes to the |
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coming back to the disklabel itself. That way, changes to the |
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OpenBSD disklabel won't affect the setup of the rest of the disk. |
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OpenBSD disklabel won't affect the setup of the rest of the disk. |
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Anyhow, you may want to check that you can still boot from a Linux kernel |
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Anyhow, you may want to check that you can still boot from a Linux kernel |
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@ -220,10 +220,10 @@ inittab and rc scripts to make deadly sure that single-user boot will work |
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The OpenBSD installation |
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The OpenBSD installation |
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------------------------ |
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------------------------ |
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If you've got the space, you can install from your ext2fs partitions. This |
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If you've got the space, you can install from your ext2fs partitions. This |
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is what I did, a long time in the past, as I had a slip connection to the |
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is what I did, a long time in the past, as I had a slip connection to the |
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rest of the world, and the OpenBSD install floppy does not include slip. |
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rest of the world, and the OpenBSD install floppy does not include slip. |
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REMEMBER TO BACKUP ALL IMPORTANT DATA ON YOUR DISK BEFORE DOING THE |
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REMEMBER TO BACKUP ALL IMPORTANT DATA ON YOUR DISK BEFORE DOING THE |
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INSTALLATION !!! |
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INSTALLATION !!! |
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So you cp floppy*.fs /dev/fd0, then reboot from the floppy. |
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So you cp floppy*.fs /dev/fd0, then reboot from the floppy. |
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@ -239,17 +239,17 @@ Offset: 0 Signatures: 0xAA55,0x0 |
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Starting Ending |
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Starting Ending |
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#: id cyl hd sec - cyl hd sec [ start - size] |
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#: id cyl hd sec - cyl hd sec [ start - size] |
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------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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0: 06 0 1 1 - 210 127 63 [ 63 - 1701441] DOS > 32MB |
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0: 06 0 1 1 - 210 127 63 [ 63 - 1701441] DOS > 32MB |
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1: 83 211 0 1 - 272 127 63 [ 1701504 - 499968] Linux files* |
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1: 83 211 0 1 - 272 127 63 [ 1701504 - 499968] Linux files* |
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2: A6 273 0 1 - 991 127 63 [ 2201472 - 5798016] OpenBSD |
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2: A6 273 0 1 - 991 127 63 [ 2201472 - 5798016] OpenBSD |
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3: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0 - 0] unused |
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3: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0 - 0] unused |
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fdisk geometry tells me that I needn't worry about cylinder 1024. |
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fdisk geometry tells me that I needn't worry about cylinder 1024. |
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This matches very closely with what linux fdisk saw. |
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This matches very closely with what linux fdisk saw. |
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If you had extended partitions, it would be a trifle bit harder: |
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If you had extended partitions, it would be a trifle bit harder: |
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you just follow the extended partition links using select, jot down |
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you just follow the extended partition links using select, jot down |
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whatever you need, add the OpenBSD partition into the MBR to look like |
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whatever you need, add the OpenBSD partition into the MBR to look like |
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you want it to, and save everything. |
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you want it to, and save everything. |
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The * at the end of partition #1 means that the system normally boots under |
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The * at the end of partition #1 means that the system normally boots under |
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@ -265,21 +265,21 @@ OpenBSD partition that was declared in the MBR (what you just entered in |
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fdisk, the `slice' from FreeBSD lingo). Most simple installation don't |
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fdisk, the `slice' from FreeBSD lingo). Most simple installation don't |
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need to edit more than that, but you can use b 0 * to unlock the whole |
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need to edit more than that, but you can use b 0 * to unlock the whole |
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disk (this is a bad idea in most cases). |
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disk (this is a bad idea in most cases). |
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- your real disk geometry becomes more relevant. The Berkeley fast file system |
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- your real disk geometry becomes more relevant. The Berkeley fast file system |
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can't use partial cylinder groups, hence BSD partitions should start |
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can't use partial cylinder groups, hence BSD partitions should start |
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on cylinder boundaries, as any remaining sectors will be lost anyway. |
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on cylinder boundaries, as any remaining sectors will be lost anyway. |
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(Actually, what's important is the disk geometry that disklabel gives you. |
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(Actually, what's important is the disk geometry that disklabel gives you. |
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Trust it on that). In my case, sectors/cylinder=1008 and bytes/sector=512, |
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Trust it on that). In my case, sectors/cylinder=1008 and bytes/sector=512, |
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so the granularity of disklabel partitions is 504 Kb. |
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so the granularity of disklabel partitions is 504 Kb. |
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- units for size and offset can be given as sectors (default) or cylinders. |
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- units for size and offset can be given as sectors (default) or cylinders. |
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After edition, this is what my disklabel looks like: |
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After edition, this is what my disklabel looks like: |
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# editing |
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# editing |
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# using MBR partition 2: type A6 off 2201472 (0x219780) size 5798016 (0x587880) |
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# using MBR partition 2: type A6 off 2201472 (0x219780) size 5798016 (0x587880) |
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# /dev/rwd0c: |
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# /dev/rwd0c: |
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type: ESDI |
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type: ESDI |
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disk: |
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disk: |
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label: TOSHIBA MK4006M |
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label: TOSHIBA MK4006M |
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flags: |
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flags: |
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bytes/sector: 512 |
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bytes/sector: 512 |
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@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ trackskew: 0 |
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cylinderskew: 0 |
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cylinderskew: 0 |
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headswitch: 0 # milliseconds |
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headswitch: 0 # milliseconds |
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track-to-track seek: 0 # milliseconds |
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track-to-track seek: 0 # milliseconds |
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drivedata: 0 |
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drivedata: 0 |
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16 partitions: |
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16 partitions: |
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# size offset fstype [fsize bsize cpg] |
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# size offset fstype [fsize bsize cpg] |
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@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ drivedata: 0 |
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l: 1023120 3194352 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 3169 - 4183) |
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l: 1023120 3194352 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16 # (Cyl. 3169 - 4183) |
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Things that check, more or less automatically: |
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Things that check, more or less automatically: |
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- this disklabel is saved in MBR partition #2 (basic DOS partition 2), |
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- this disklabel is saved in MBR partition #2 (basic DOS partition 2), |
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as expected. |
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as expected. |
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- all the BSD partitions proper are aligned on a cylinder boundary (ie no '*'). |
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- all the BSD partitions proper are aligned on a cylinder boundary (ie no '*'). |
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the root partition begins at the precise same offset the corresponding DOS |
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the root partition begins at the precise same offset the corresponding DOS |
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@ -332,25 +332,25 @@ And here is the corresponding /etc/fstab: |
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/dev/wd0f /usr/obj ffs rw 1 2 |
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/dev/wd0f /usr/obj ffs rw 1 2 |
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/dev/wd0i /vbig ffs rw 1 2 |
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/dev/wd0i /vbig ffs rw 1 2 |
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/dev/wd0j /dos msdos rw 1 2 |
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/dev/wd0j /dos msdos rw 1 2 |
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/dev/wd0k /linux ext2fs rw |
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/dev/wd0k /linux ext2fs rw |
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/dev/wd0b /tmp mfs rw |
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/dev/wd0b /tmp mfs rw |
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One point that is somewhat laborious is that the disklabel -E mode |
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One point that is somewhat laborious is that the disklabel -E mode |
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(which you are currently using) tends to move partitions around to ensure |
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(which you are currently using) tends to move partitions around to ensure |
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that ALL defined partitions are contiguous. For that reason, it is better |
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that ALL defined partitions are contiguous. For that reason, it is better |
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if you don't have to use b 0 *, otherwise partitions will be moved around to |
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if you don't have to use b 0 *, otherwise partitions will be moved around to |
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remove holes, without regard for the rigid MBR partitioning. |
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remove holes, without regard for the rigid MBR partitioning. |
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ext2fs and DOS partitions should be recognized and positioned |
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ext2fs and DOS partitions should be recognized and positioned |
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automatically if all goes well. |
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automatically if all goes well. |
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Once the disklabel is written to disk, the installation proceeds as usual. |
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Once the disklabel is written to disk, the installation proceeds as usual. |
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ext2fs partitions are perfectly usable from OpenBSD. |
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ext2fs partitions are perfectly usable from OpenBSD. |
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Booting |
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Booting |
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------- |
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------- |
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First time I booted my system back, I did not get into OpenBSD as expected... |
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First time I booted my system back, I did not get into OpenBSD as expected... |
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I plain forgot I had installed lilo in the master boot block, and lilo |
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I plain forgot I had installed lilo in the master boot block, and lilo |
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does not heed the active partition flag. The fix was rather simple: from |
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does not heed the active partition flag. The fix was rather simple: from |
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the Linux system, I just had to edit lilo.conf to add the OpenBSD entry: |
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the Linux system, I just had to edit lilo.conf to add the OpenBSD entry: |
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@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ your linux kernel to recognize BSD disklabels... Here is how it shows up |
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on my box: |
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on my box: |
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Partition check: |
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Partition check: |
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hda: hda1 hda2 hda3! < hda5 hda6 hda7 hda8 hda9 hda10 hda11 hda12 hda13 hda14 |
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hda: hda1 hda2 hda3! < hda5 hda6 hda7 hda8 hda9 hda10 hda11 hda12 hda13 hda14 |
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hda15 > |
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hda15 > |
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- the disklabel is detected early, but handled later. |
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- the disklabel is detected early, but handled later. |
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@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ and here is my linux fstab: |
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/dev/hda9 /bsd/usr/obj ufs ufstype=44bsd 1 2 |
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/dev/hda9 /bsd/usr/obj ufs ufstype=44bsd 1 2 |
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/dev/hda1 /dos vfat defaults 1 2 |
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/dev/hda1 /dos vfat defaults 1 2 |
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/dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy ext2 noauto 0 0 |
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/dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy ext2 noauto 0 0 |
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/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro |
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/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro |
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2.2 kernels also include a working UFS, though you may run into problems when |
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2.2 kernels also include a working UFS, though you may run into problems when |
|
|
writing to ufs partitions. Note the ufstype=44bsd. If you forget that |
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writing to ufs partitions. Note the ufstype=44bsd. If you forget that |
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@ -425,8 +425,8 @@ have to recompile anything, as this is the default setup. |
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|
It's a good idea to mount your Linux file system under another point, then |
|
|
It's a good idea to mount your Linux file system under another point, then |
|
|
make symbolic links so that you can control what gets used precisely. |
|
|
make symbolic links so that you can control what gets used precisely. |
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As you have a complete linux system, don't bother with the ports |
|
|
As you have a complete linux system, don't bother with the ports |
|
|
emul/linux_lib entry: it's only a set of Linux libraries for people who |
|
|
emul/linux_lib entry: it's only a set of Linux libraries for people who |
|
|
don't have a Linux system running. |
|
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don't have a Linux system running. |
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A small detail that may cause problems: uname still says `OpenBSD', even |
|
|
A small detail that may cause problems: uname still says `OpenBSD', even |
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|
@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ class with Linux. |
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|
Similar shell scripts are easy to fix. Binary programs that don't run |
|
|
Similar shell scripts are easy to fix. Binary programs that don't run |
|
|
suid can be coerced by using LD_PRELOAD. |
|
|
suid can be coerced by using LD_PRELOAD. |
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As a rule, this should be achieved on a program-by-program basis. |
|
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As a rule, this should be achieved on a program-by-program basis. |
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|
The more networking programs that do tell they're running under OpenBSD, |
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The more networking programs that do tell they're running under OpenBSD, |
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|
the merrier ! |
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the merrier ! |
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@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ swap partition (even though I have 32 Mb of memory, largely enough for |
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the installation). Since it uses a 2.0.36 kernel, it does NOT handle BSD |
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the installation). Since it uses a 2.0.36 kernel, it does NOT handle BSD |
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disklabels, so I couldn't tell it to use my swap area (I have this bad |
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disklabels, so I couldn't tell it to use my swap area (I have this bad |
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feeling that distributed 2.2 boot kernels won't include BSD disklabel |
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feeling that distributed 2.2 boot kernels won't include BSD disklabel |
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handling anyway). Instead, I had to back my last OpenBSD partition up, |
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handling anyway). Instead, I had to back my last OpenBSD partition up, |
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fiddle with my fdisk setup to feed the last cylinder as a swap partition |
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fiddle with my fdisk setup to feed the last cylinder as a swap partition |
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to their brain dead install CD. Then fetch the latest kernel source to the |
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to their brain dead install CD. Then fetch the latest kernel source to the |
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linux side, and recompile to get a fully working linux setup. Finally, |
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linux side, and recompile to get a fully working linux setup. Finally, |
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@ -484,13 +484,13 @@ you know what you are doing, and don't expect there will always be someone |
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to get you out of trouble. If your setup is really too weird, no-one can help. |
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to get you out of trouble. If your setup is really too weird, no-one can help. |
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As far as the boot process goes, I think lilo allows you to boot from ANY |
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As far as the boot process goes, I think lilo allows you to boot from ANY |
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partition recorded in the MBR, including extended partitions. The only |
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partition recorded in the MBR, including extended partitions. The only |
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limitation is that the next stage bootstrap MUST take place entirely within |
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limitation is that the next stage bootstrap MUST take place entirely within |
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the first 1024 cylinders of the disk, as seen by the BIOS. OpenBSD |
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the first 1024 cylinders of the disk, as seen by the BIOS. OpenBSD |
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MBR partitions that extend beyond cylinder 1024 are no problem, as long as |
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MBR partitions that extend beyond cylinder 1024 are no problem, as long as |
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the disklabel root (a) partition doesn't extend beyond cylinder 1024. |
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the disklabel root (a) partition doesn't extend beyond cylinder 1024. |
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Since Windows, OpenBSD, and linux all have that limitation, the easiest way |
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Since Windows, OpenBSD, and linux all have that limitation, the easiest way |
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is to start with Windows partitions (entirely within the first 1024 |
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is to start with Windows partitions (entirely within the first 1024 |
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cylinders), follow with the linux boot partition (still within the first |
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cylinders), follow with the linux boot partition (still within the first |
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1024 cylinders), then the OpenBSD area (which can span the 1024 cylinders |
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1024 cylinders), then the OpenBSD area (which can span the 1024 cylinders |
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todd
23 years ago